The diagnostic and clinical significance of autoantibodies, and in particular anti-nuclear antibodies in predicting response to treatment of cancerous patients under immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is a topic of intense research. While some studies reported that the presence of ANA or the levels of autoantibodies does not predict response to treatment, others have found a favorable course in patients with preexisting autoantibodies. Conflicting are also the results reporting on the likely association between the pre-existence or the development of the autoantibodies over the course of ICIs initiation and the appearance of immune-related adverse events. We discuss those data in great detail, and we comment on a recent study, as well as our own experience, on the presumed associations between autoantibody positivity and treatment outcome. We also address the role of anti-Ro52 antibodies, an autoantibody marker which may need meticulous assessment in patients with malignant disorders, as a potential prognosticator of disease-progression and response to treatment.
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